- Who is known as the father of modern genetics?
- Gregor Mendel.
- Who discovered penicillin?
- Alexander Fleming.
- Who proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection?
- Charles Darwin.
- Who discovered the structure of DNA?
- James Watson and Francis Crick.
- Who developed the first successful polio vaccine?
- Jonas Salk.
- Who discovered the circulation of blood in the human body?
- William Harvey.
- Who developed the first rabies vaccine?
- Louis Pasteur.
- Who discovered the role of insulin in diabetes?
- Frederick Banting and Charles Best.
- Who discovered the existence of blood groups?
- Karl Landsteiner.
- Who is considered the father of microbiology?
- Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.
- Who discovered the function of neurons in the nervous system?
- Santiago Ramón y Cajal.
- Who proposed the germ theory of disease?
- Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch.
- Who discovered the concept of chemotherapy?
- Paul Ehrlich.
- Who developed the first successful smallpox vaccine?
- Edward Jenner.
- Who discovered the structure of the atom?
- Ernest Rutherford.
- Who discovered the role of enzymes in fermentation?
- Eduard Buchner.
- Who proposed the endosymbiotic theory?
- Lynn Margulis.
- Who discovered the mechanism of action potentials in neurons?
- Alan Hodgkin and Andrew Huxley.
- Who developed the first successful organ transplant?
- Joseph Murray.
- Who discovered the existence of hormones?
- Ernest Starling and William Bayliss.
- Who proposed the double-helix structure of DNA?
- Rosalind Franklin (contributed to its discovery).
- Who discovered the role of bacteria in causing stomach ulcers?
- Barry Marshall and Robin Warren.
- Who discovered the structure of insulin?
- Dorothy Hodgkin.
- Who discovered the concept of phagocytosis?
- Ilya Metchnikoff.
- Who discovered the structure of the neuron?
- Camillo Golgi.
- Who discovered the role of X-rays in medical imaging?
- Wilhelm Röntgen.
- Who discovered the structure of the cell membrane?
- Singer and Nicolson.
- Who developed the first successful chemotherapy for cancer?
- Gertrude Belle Elion and George Hitchings.
- Who discovered the role of histamines in allergic reactions?
- Sir Henry Dale.
- Who discovered the role of platelets in blood clotting?
- William Osler.
- Who discovered the role of adrenaline in the body’s response to stress?
- Walter Cannon.
- Who discovered the first antibiotic, sulfa drugs?
- Gerhard Domagk.
- Who developed the first successful heart transplant?
- Christiaan Barnard.
- Who discovered the role of nitric oxide as a signaling molecule in the cardiovascular system?
- Robert F. Furchgott, Louis J. Ignarro, and Ferid Murad.
- Who discovered the structure of the ribosome?
- Ada Yonath.
- Who discovered the role of prions in causing neurodegenerative diseases?
- Stanley B. Prusiner.
- Who discovered the role of telomeres in cellular aging?
- Elizabeth Blackburn, Carol Greider, and Jack Szostak.
- Who discovered the role of vitamin C in preventing scurvy?
- James Lind.
- Who discovered the role of cholesterol in heart disease?
- Michael Brown and Joseph Goldstein.
- Who discovered the first effective treatment for HIV/AIDS?
- Baruch Blumberg and Anthony Fauci (contributed to its development).
- Who discovered the structure of the rhinovirus (common cold virus)?
- Stephen Harrison.
- Who discovered the role of interferons in the immune response?
- Alick Isaacs and Jean Lindenmann.
- Who discovered the role of cytokines in regulating immune responses?
- Lloyd J. Old.
- Who discovered the mechanism of action of aspirin as a blood thinner?
- John Vane.
- Who discovered the structure of the influenza virus?
- David Baltimore.
- Who discovered the role of nitric oxide as a neurotransmitter?
- Solomon Snyder.
- Who discovered the structure of the enzyme lysozyme?
- Alexander Fleming.
- Who discovered the role of stem cells in tissue regeneration?
- Ernest A. McCulloch and James E. Till.
- Who discovered the role of COX-2 inhibitors in reducing inflammation?
- Philip Needleman.
- Who discovered the role of the hypothalamus in regulating body temperature?
- Bernard Brodie and Julius Axelrod.
