- What is genetics?
- Study of genes and heredity.
- Who is considered the father of genetics?
- Gregor Mendel.
- What is a gene?
- Unit of heredity.
- Where are genes located?
- On chromosomes.
- What is DNA?
- Deoxyribonucleic acid.
- What is the structure of DNA?
- Double helix.
- What are alleles?
- Different forms of a gene.
- What is a genotype?
- Genetic makeup.
- What is a phenotype?
- Observable traits.
- What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
- Genotype is genetic makeup, phenotype is observable traits.
- How many chromosomes do humans have?
- 46 (23 pairs).
- What is a dominant allele?
- Trait expressed over recessive allele.
- What is a recessive allele?
- Trait expressed only if both alleles are recessive.
- What is the Punnett square used for?
- Predicting offspring genotypes.
- What is genetic inheritance?
- Passing of traits from parents to offspring.
- What is a mutation?
- Change in DNA sequence.
- What causes mutations?
- Various factors like chemicals, radiation, or errors in DNA replication.
- What is a genetic disorder?
- Condition caused by abnormal genes or chromosomes.
- What is a carrier?
- Individual with one copy of a recessive allele for a genetic disorder.
- What is a pedigree?
- Chart showing family relationships and genetic traits.
- What is a sex-linked trait?
- Trait determined by genes on the sex chromosomes.
- What is a polygenic trait?
- Trait controlled by multiple genes.
- What is epigenetics?
- Study of changes in gene expression without changes in DNA sequence.
- What is DNA replication?
- Process of copying DNA before cell division.
- What is RNA?
- Ribonucleic acid.
- What is the function of mRNA?
- Carries instructions from DNA to make proteins.
- What is the function of tRNA?
- Transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis.
- What is transcription?
- Process of making RNA from DNA.
- What is translation?
- Process of making proteins from RNA.
- What is a codon?
- Three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA.
- What is a mutation?
- Change in DNA sequence.
- What is a point mutation?
- Change in one nucleotide.
- What is a frameshift mutation?
- Insertion or deletion of nucleotides, altering the reading frame.
- What is genetic engineering?
- Manipulation of genes for practical purposes.
- What is gene therapy?
- Treating genetic disorders by introducing healthy genes.
- What is CRISPR?
- Tool for editing genes.
- What is cloning?
- Producing genetically identical organisms.
- What is a transgenic organism?
- Organism containing genes from another species.
- What is a genetically modified organism (GMO)?
- Organism with altered genes.
- What is the Human Genome Project?
- Project to map and sequence the human genome.
- What is DNA fingerprinting?
- Identifying individuals based on unique DNA sequences.
- What is a genetic counselor?
- Professional who assesses and advises on genetic risks.
- What is population genetics?
- Study of genetic variation within populations.
- What is evolutionary genetics?
- Study of how genes change over time.
- What is a gene pool?
- All the alleles in a population.
- What is genetic drift?
- Random change in allele frequencies.
- What is gene flow?
- Transfer of alleles between populations.
- What is natural selection?
- Process by which organisms with advantageous traits survive and reproduce.
- What is genetic diversity?
- Variety of genes within a species.
- What is gene expression?
- Process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize a functional product.
