Ribosomes: The Cell’s Protein Factories

• What Are Ribosomes?
  • Ribosomes are tiny, bead-like structures found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
  • They are often called the cell’s “protein factories.”
• Structure:
  • Ribosomes are made up of two subunits, one large and one small, that fit together.
  • They can be found floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
• Protein Synthesis:
  • Ribosomes are where protein synthesis, the creation of proteins, takes place.
  • They read the instructions for making proteins from the cell’s genetic material (DNA and RNA).
• Two Types of Ribosomes:
  • Free Ribosomes: These are found in the cytoplasm and make proteins that stay inside the cell.
  • Bound Ribosomes (on the ER): These make proteins that are exported from the cell.
• Importance:
  • Proteins are essential for the cell’s structure and function. They perform various roles, from enzymes that help with chemical reactions to building blocks of tissues.
• Protein Diversity:
  • Ribosomes make all types of proteins, each with specific functions. This diversity of proteins is crucial for the cell’s survival and growth.