Anaerobic respiration

Introduction:

  • Anaerobic respiration is a process by which cells produce energy without the use of oxygen.
  • It is a less efficient way of generating energy compared to aerobic respiration.

Occurrence:

  • Anaerobic respiration occurs when there is a shortage of oxygen, such as during intense physical activity or in environments with low oxygen levels.

Types of Anaerobic Respiration:

    Lactic Acid Fermentation:

    • Occurs in muscle cells when oxygen is scarce, like during vigorous exercise.
    • Pyruvate (from glycolysis) is converted into lactic acid.
    • Lactic acid can build up, causing muscle fatigue and soreness.

    Chemical Reaction:

    Pyruvate (from glycolysis) + NADH → Lactic Acid + NAD+

    C3H4O3 (pyruvate) + NADH → C3H6O3 (lactic acid) + NAD+

    Alcoholic Fermentation:

    • Happens in some microorganisms like yeast.
    • Pyruvate is converted into ethanol (alcohol) and carbon dioxide.
    • Used in the production of bread, beer, and wine.

    Chemical Reaction:

    Pyruvate (from glycolysis) → Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide

    C3H4O3 (pyruvate) → C2H5OH (ethanol) + CO2 (carbon dioxide)

    Energy Production:

    • Anaerobic respiration produces much less energy (ATP) compared to aerobic respiration.
    • This is because the complete breakdown of glucose doesn’t occur in the absence of oxygen.

    Importance:

    • Anaerobic respiration is a temporary solution when the oxygen supply is insufficient.
    • It helps to provide some energy to cells when needed.

    Waste Products:

    • Lactic acid or ethanol and carbon dioxide are the waste products of anaerobic respiration.

    Duration:

    • Anaerobic respiration is usually a short-term solution, and cells switch back to aerobic respiration once oxygen becomes available.

    Contrast with Aerobic Respiration:

    • In contrast to aerobic respiration, which is more efficient and produces a lot of ATP, anaerobic respiration is less efficient and produces much less ATP.