CLASS XII – CHAPTER 5 (NOTES 5.1)
THE DNA DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a molecule that carries the genetic instructions necessary for the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all known living organisms. DNA is a…
CLASS XII – CHAPTER 4 (NOTES 4.6)
GENETIC DISORDERS Pedigree Analysis Pedigree analysis is a systematic study of a family's genetic history to understand the inheritance patterns of specific traits or diseases. It involves the construction of…
CLASS XII – CHAPTER 4 (NOTES 4.5)
SEX DETERMINATION Initial Clues: Early investigations into the mechanisms of sex determination in insects revealed the existence of a specific nuclear structure, referred to as the "X body." It was…
CLASS XII – CHAPTER 4 (NOTES 4.4)
POLYGENIC INHERITANCE Polygenic Traits: Polygenic traits are those that are controlled by three or more genes, and they often result in a range of continuous variation rather than distinct alternatives.…
CLASS XII – CHAPTER 4 (NOTES 4.3)
INHERITANCE OF TWO GENES The inheritance of two genes, also known as dihybrid inheritance, involves the simultaneous consideration of the inheritance of two different traits controlled by two different genes,…
CLASS XII – CHAPTER 4 (NOTES 4.2)
INHERITANCE OF ONE GENE The inheritance of a single gene, also known as monogenic inheritance, follows Mendel's laws of inheritance. Monogenic inheritance involves the transmission of traits that are controlled…
CLASS XII – CHAPTER 4 (NOTES 4.1)
MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE Gregor Mendel was an Austrian scientist and Augustinian friar who is often referred to as the "father of modern genetics." He is best known for his…
CLASS XII – CHAPTER 3 (NOTES 3.4)
INFERTILITY Infertility Concerns: Many couples worldwide, including in India, face infertility, which means they are unable to have children despite unprotected sexual intercourse. Infertility can result from various factors, including…
CLASS XII – CHAPTER 3 (NOTES 3.3)
MEDICAL TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY (MTP) he intentional or voluntary termination of pregnancy before full term is known as medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) or induced abortion. Global Prevalence of MTP:…
CLASS XII – CHAPTER 3 (NOTES 3.2)
Natural contraceptive Natural contraceptive methods, also known as fertility awareness-based methods (FABMs) or natural family planning, involve tracking and monitoring a person's fertility and menstrual cycle to determine the fertile…
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