ACCUMULATION OF VARIATION DURING REPRODUCTION Inheritance and Variation: Inheritance refers to the passing of genetic information from one generation to the next. This inheritance provides a common basic body design…

The "fight or flight" response, also known as the "acute stress response," is a natural physiological reaction that occurs in the presence of a perceived threat or stressor. It prepares…

Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is a hormone and neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in the body's "fight or flight" response to stressful or threatening situations. Here are key…

Growth hormone (GH), also known as somatotropin, is a peptide hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland in the brain. It plays a crucial role in regulating growth and development…

Thyroxin, also known as thyroxine, is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland, a butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck. It is the primary thyroid hormone and plays a vital…

Estrogen is a group of hormones that play a central role in the development and regulation of female sexual characteristics and reproductive processes. Here are key points about estrogen: Female…

Testosterone is a hormone primarily associated with the development and maintenance of male sexual characteristics. However, it has several other important functions in both males and females. Here are key…

Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that plays a critical role in regulating blood glucose (sugar) levels in the body. Here are key points about insulin: Glucose Regulation:…

Hormonal feedback mechanisms are essential regulatory processes in the endocrine system of animals and plants. These mechanisms maintain homeostasis by continuously adjusting hormone levels based on the body's needs and…