Analyzing Chemical Composition in Living Organisms I. Introduction Chemical analysis is essential to understand the composition of living organisms. Organic and inorganic compounds contribute to the chemical makeup of living…

WHAT IS A CELL? Definition: The cell is the fundamental structural and functional unit of all living organisms. Attributes of Unicellular Organisms: Capable of independent existence and performing essential life…

I. Unicellular Organisms: In unicellular organisms, such as amoebas, a single cell performs all essential functions, including digestion, respiration, and reproduction. II. Multicellular Organisms: In complex multicellular animals like Hydra,…

Introduction: The wide range of structures in higher plants is a source of fascination. Despite the diverse external morphologies among angiosperms, they share common features such as roots, stems, leaves,…

Basis of Classification 1. Levels of Organisation Animals exhibit various levels of organization: cellular, tissue, organ, and organ system. Cellular Level: Found in sponges where cells are loosely aggregated. Tissue…

Introduction Whittaker's Five Kingdom Classification (1969): Monera, Protista, Fungi, Animalia, and Plantae. Evolved over time due to advancements in understanding. Evolution of Plant Kingdom Classification Dynamic Nature: Changes in classification…

Historical Perspectives on Classification Instinctive Classification: Since the dawn of civilization, attempts to classify living organisms have been spontaneous and driven by practical needs for food, shelter, and clothing. Aristotle's…

The living world Biological classification Plant Kingdom Animal kingdom Morphology of flowering plants Anatomy of flowering plants Structural organization in animals Cell the unit of life Biomolecules Cell cycle and…