Cytokinins are a class of plant hormones that play a crucial role in regulating cell division, growth, and differentiation in plants. They interact with other plant hormones and are involved in several key processes in plant development. Here are key points about cytokinins:

• Cell Division: Cytokinins are known for promoting cell division in plant tissues. They stimulate the growth and division of plant cells, leading to the formation of new shoots, roots, and leaves.
• Apical Dominance: Cytokinins counteract the inhibitory effect of auxins on lateral bud growth. This results in branching and lateral shoot development, as opposed to the apical dominance seen in the presence of auxins.
• Delaying Senescence: Cytokinins have anti-aging effects on plant tissues. They help delay the aging and senescence of plant organs, such as leaves, by promoting chlorophyll retention and slowing down the breakdown of cellular components.
• Regulation of Root Growth: Cytokinins also influence root growth. They promote lateral root development, helping the plant explore the soil for nutrients and water.
• Seed Development: Cytokinins are involved in seed development and influence the growth and differentiation of seeds. They contribute to the formation of structures like endosperm, which provides nutrients to the developing embryo.
• Leaf Expansion: Cytokinins can lead to the expansion of leaf size and the development of additional leaflets in compound leaves.
• Interaction with Auxins: Cytokinins often interact with auxins in a balanced manner. While auxins typically promote cell elongation, cytokinins stimulate cell division. This balance is crucial for various aspects of plant growth.
• Regulation of Nutrient Uptake: Cytokinins play a role in the regulation of nutrient uptake by roots. They help control the movement of nutrients and ions into the plant.
• Commercial Applications: Cytokinins are used in plant tissue culture and horticulture to stimulate shoot and root formation, improve propagation, and enhance plant growth.